Unpredictability makes dogs insecure and potentially destructive, neurotic, destructive, disobedient and/or aggressive. Events are either predictable or unpredictable, either controllable or uncontrollable. Anxiety happens when control is available but the resulting aversive event can’t be predicted. Frustration happens when a dog tries to do what it wants to do for a reward but is blocked from performing that behavior. Both states, when in excess, interfere with normal functioning and learning. These effects are magnified when dogs are restrained, confined, trapped, bored, lack exercise, and get little normal sensory experiences. My programs are designed to sort these things out.